Body Mass Index

The Body Mass Index - BMI

A body mass index is also called also the Quetelet index. It is a statistic which measures an individual's body weight and height. It's an effective tool to assess a healthy body mass based on how tall an individual is. It's accurate and is the most commonly used tool to pinpoint the problem with weight.

Criteria For Underweight And Obesity By BMI

With the aid of these World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for obesity and underweight according to BMI, you may come to find out if this person falls within the categories of underweight, average weight overweight or falls within the category of obesity.

Calculation Of BMI

BMI that of any individual is determined with the help of the following formula: Body Mass Index (BMI) = Body weight / (height in relation to height)
Here the weight of the individual is measured in kilograms while the height is taken in metres.
Example:
Consider that the weight of an individual is 70 kilograms and their height is 1.60 meters. Now , compute these values.
BMI = 70 / (1.60 x 1.60) = 70 / 2.56 = 27.34 kg/m2
Now with the help of an assessment of the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for underweight and obesity
by BMI by BMI to learn if the person falls into the category of overweight, normal
obesity, weight, or falls in the category of obesity.

Precautions During Measurements

The following precautions must be observed when taking measurements for BMI.

  1. The body's weight has to be measured using an accurate and reliable weighing machine.
  2. The student who's body weight has to be measured, should wear the minimum of required clothing without shoes.
  3. When measuring height, the student must be standing barefooted and the entire body should be straight.

Physical Fitness Test (AAPHERD Test Score)

AAPHERD i.e. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance is a test designed to examine and judge fitness levels of young people. The first version of the test was made public in the year 1958 and later revised in 1966 and later in 1976. Numerous changes to the test's test battery were implemented in 1976 , in the AAPHER's youth fitness test. This test is designed to measure the fitness levels of the youth. The tests are designed to measure the body's composition and flexibility, agility, coordination the upper body, and aerobic endurance. They are designed to ensure that they could be used by experts working in the field.

Below are the test component for AAPHERD physical fitness test: AAPHERD testing for physical fitness:

  1. Pull ups (boys)
  2. Flexed-arm hang (girls)
  3. Flexed leg sit ups
  4. Shuttle run
  5. Standing broad jump
  6. 50-yard dash, 9 minute run for kids aged 10-12 years, and 1.5 mile or 12 minutes run for children age 13 & above.

In the year 1980 AAPHERD introduced the "PhysicalBest" test which contained the following items:
1. 1 1/2 miles walk or 12-minute run
2. Body fat measurement by folds of skin
3. Sit ups
4. Pull ups
5. Sit and then reach the test

The physical fitness test is a way to recognize students according to their physical fitness at the above events.

Shuttle Run

This event measures speed as well as agility the students. Mark two parallel lines 30 feet apart. Then, place two blocks of wood, to one side. Students start at the opposite line. At the time of the signal "Go," the student races through the blocks, picks one up, walks back to the line from which they started, puts the block behind the line, is back and takes the second block , and then runs back to the starting line. Blocks must be placed within the lines.

Pull-Ups Testing

The student hangs from the horizontal bar at a height the student can be hung from, arms fully extended and feet free from floor using either an overhand grip or a grip under the hand. Students with short height may be lifted into starting position. They raise body until it is clear of the bar. They then lower it.
Body to fully hang from the starting body to full hang starting. The student performs as many correct pull ups as he can.

Flexed- Arm Hang Testing

By using an overhand or underhand grip, student will be in a flexed hang posture with their chin clear of the bar. Students are able to be lifted to this position. Students can hold this position indefinitely.

Flexed Arm Hang Scoring

Student's chest should be held close to the bar, with the legs straight. The timer is stopped when the student's chin touches or falls below the bar.

Standing Long Jump

It is a frequent and easy test to conduct to test powerful leg strength. The athlete stands in front of an imaginary line that is marked on ground. With their feet slightly separated. A two-foot take-off and landing is achieved by swinging the arms and bent of the knees in order to provide the forward drive. The student tries to leap to the maximum height possible and land on both feet, but not falling backwards. Three attempts are permitted. The measurement is taken from start line to nearest point of contact at landing the greatest distance jumped in the three best attempts is recorded.

50-Yard Dash

It is a test that aims to evaluate the speed of the student. The student is placed behind the starting line and starts moving on the signal "Go'. As soon as the distance has been completed, the duration required to cover 50 yards is recorded.

The new test of AAPHERD attempts to assess the health fitness:

1. 1 1/2 Mile Walk/Run Or 12-Minute Run

Students are asked to run 1.5 miles. The time they run is measured using a stop watch. If this method is not adequate, students are instructed to do a 12-minute run. The distance is noted down. The first method is believed to be the most effective method to measure the aerobic fitness.

2. Skin Fold Measurement:

In this test , the calipers's skin are used to measure the thickness of fat in various areas of the body. After measuring the thickness of different areas of the body, the results are then put into the form of an equation (different equation for boys and girls) to calculate the density of your body. After calculating the body's density, it is then put in equation to calculate the percentage of body fat. All measurements must be done from the left side.
The following three parts are weighed:
(a) Abdominal skinfold
(b) Chest skinfold
(c) Arm skinfold

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